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Icaro Singer Folkgroup

Icaro singers of the Amazon are among a broad group of people that may be known as healers, shamans, sorcerers, or vegetalistas. A vegetalista is a plant expert, and their expertise lies in their belief in how they obtain knowledge from the plant and not necessarily how often they use them in their practice 2. Icaro singers, as they will usually be called because they may have so many titles, believe that plants are teachers who may communicate through visions and magic songs. 2 The term mestizo will be used to refer to Amazonian icaro singers in a cultural and social context, this term was used by the referenced authors and is not intended to be derogatory 2. While there are other elements that define this folk group, the memorization and large repertoire of icaros are synonymous with this group. Without the icaro, this folk group wouldn't exist. 2 The most important quality of a magic singer is self-control. For instance, icaros sang by healers have strong self-control, whereas sorcerers act on aggression, lust and vengeance, showing signs of little self-control.4 Because of this, the icaros can be used by this folk group to heal or to curse, and may also be considered witchcraft. 1 

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Sounds of the Amazon

Icaros
Plant Songs

Notes
       1. Christina Callicott, "Interspecies communication in the Western Amazon: Music as a form of conversation between plants and people," European Journal of Ecopsychology 4 (2013): 32-43.
      2. Luis Eduardo Luna, Vegetalismo: Shamanism Among the Mestizo Population of the Peruvian Amazon (Stockholm, Sweden: University of Stockholm, 1986), 21, https://pdfcookie.com/documents/vegetalismo-shamanism-among-the-mestizo-population-of-the-peruvian-amazon-j9lgq41dp0vo
       4. Stephan V. Beyer, Singing to the Plants: a Guide to Mestizo Shamanism in the Upper Amazon (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2009),
https://books.google.com/bookshl=en&lr=&id=fTrRL_EMbxgC&oi=fnd&pg=PT4&dq=Beyer,+Stephan+2009+Singing +to+the+Plants:+A+Guide+to+Mestizo+Shamanism+in+the+Upper+Amazon.+Albuquerque:+University+of+New+Mexico+Press.&ots=Y41Z8AGV7R&sig=nEi2rAkZ6VTPkTUWUt5k2DWVAZM#v=snippet&q=pass%20out&f=false
      5. Martha Sims, and Martine Stephens, "Chapter 1 Folklore, & Chapter 2 Groups," in Living Folklore (Utah: Logan Utah State University Press, 2011), 138-147.
       6. Gennep, Arnold van. The Rites of Passage. London: Routledge & Paul, 1960. 
https://books.google.ca/books?id=kJpkBH7mB7oC&printsec=copyright&hl=en#v=onepage&q=dynamism&f=false

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